Four Graphene Flagship projects, 2D-BioPAD, MUNASET, GRAPHERGIA and SAFARI, have joined forces to issue the scientific article “2D Material-Based Sensing Technology Innovation Roadmap for Biomedical Applications”, published in open access on 26 May 2026, in the IOP Publishing venue on 2D Materials in the framework of the Graphene Flagship Initiative’s Innovation Roadmapping Work Group.
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2MD) have emerged as a transformative platform for biomedical sensing owing to their unique properties. Over the past decade, 2DM, such as graphene and MXenes have enabled sensing concepts with the potential to surpass the sensitivity, speed, and miniaturization limits of conventional technologies. When combined with other innovative materials such as aptamers or magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), a range of components can be developed.
From electrochemical electrodes and field effect transistor channels to conductive inks and triboelectric nanogenerators, these components offer a variety of biomedical applications that have the potential to revolutionize healthcare. This Roadmap reviews the current state of 2DM-based biomedical sensing within four EU-funded Horizon Europe projects under the Graphene Flagship, identifies key scientific and technological barriers, and outlines priority research directions for the short (2027) and mid-term (2030) future. The analysis focuses on the materials, various components comprising these materials, and several biomedical applications that are currently being researched within the overall biomedical focus of the Graphene Flagship Initiative. By consolidating expert perspectives from the four consortia, this roadmap aims to guide coordinated efforts to accelerate the transition of 2DM from laboratory demonstrations to robust, scalable, and impactful biomedical sensing technologies.
About the Authors
This scientific article has been co-authored by:
- Apostolos Tsolakis, International Projects & Studies, Q-PLAN International, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Thomas Zadrozny, Pro-Active Srl, Waterloo, Belgium.
- Aristides Bakandritsos, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palack´y University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Marianna Rossetti, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
- Arben Merkoçi, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Spain.
- Vincent Bouchiat, Grapheal, GRENOBLE, France.
- Makis Angelakeris, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Sandeep Kumar, NOVAPTECH, Gradignan, France.
- Jean-Jacques Toulmé, NOVAPTECH, Gradignan, France.
- Aristotelis Folas, International Projects & Studies, Q-PLAN International, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Felix Hempel, Nanoelectronics and Biosensing Lab, Faculty of Computer Science and Microsystems Technology, Kaiserslautern University of Applied
Sciences, Zweibrücken, Germany. - Chandan Singh, Nanoelectronics and Biosensing Lab, Faculty of Computer Science and Microsystems Technology, Kaiserslautern University of Applied
Sciences, Zweibrücken, Germany. - Alexey Tarasov, Nanoelectronics and Biosensing Lab, Faculty of Computer Science and Microsystems Technology, Kaiserslautern University of Applied
Sciences, Zweibrücken, Germany. - Despoina Batsouli, Adamant Composites, Patras, Greece.
- Spyros Tsiotos, Adamant Composites, Patras, Greece.
- Spyros Yannopoulos, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio-Patras, Greece.
- Diana Marcano, Engineering Materials Development Section, Lukasiewicz Research Network—Poznan Institute of Technology (PIT), Poznan, Poland.
- Ioanna Deligkiozi, AXIA Innovation GmbH, Muenchen, Germany.
- Daniel Izquierdo Bote, R&D Department, Metrohm DropSens, Parque Tecnológico de Asturias C, Llanera (Asturias), Spain.
- María Begoña González García, R&D Department, Metrohm DropSens, Parque Tecnológico de Asturias C, Llanera (Asturias), Spain.
- Pablo Fanjul Bolado, R&D Department, Metrohm DropSens, Parque Tecnológico de Asturias C, Llanera (Asturias), Spain.
- Cristian Bosch Serrano, Ireland’s Centre for Artificial Intelligence (CeADAR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Aknowledgemennts
This study was funded by the European Union under GA No. 101120706 (2D-BioPAD), GA 101119473 (MUNASET), GA 101120832 (GRAPHERGIA), and GA 101135965 (SAFARI). However, the views and opinions expressed are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or CNECT. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
The authors would like to thank the Fraunhofer ISI team, particularly Dr Henning Döscher and Dr Thomas Reiß, for their guidance in adopting and implementing the 3I methodology for drafting this roadmap.
Read and download the entire scientific article on GRAPHERGIA’s Zenodo!